• Trade Associations
• Chambers of Commerce
• Multilateral Organizations
• Research & Development Organizations
• Government Agencies
Trade and Industry Associations
The Federation of Trade and Industry Chambers FEDECAMARAS is a non-profit organization in charge of representing the activities and economic interests of all the federated trade guilds in Venezuela. Under the current de-centralization scheme, branches of this entity are now being created in each state in Venezuela with a presence in its Board of Directors.
FEDECAMARAS supports its members with the public sector; stimulates production activities and encourages the maintenance of dynamic and constructive institutional relationships amongst the various production sectors.
Investors may obtain information on member organizations, at both the national and regional levels, including addresses, members, phone, and fax numbers, as well as information on research and survey-generated data in general interest issued by productive area in agriculture, cattle, banking, trading, construction, industry, mass media, mining, insurance, and transportation.
FEDECÁMARAS
Federación Venezolana de Cámaras y Asociaciones de Comercio y Producción
Av. El Empalme
Edif. Fedecámaras
El Bosque
Caracas
Phone:(58212) 719742 to 46
PROMEXPORT(Oficina de Promoción de Exportaciones) is a non-governmental organization created by the private sector to contribute to the nation's economy with export-related research and development surveys as well as to promote the nation's investment and foreign trade.
PROMEXPORT
Av. El Empalme.
Edif. Fedecámaras.
4to. Piso.
Urb. El Bosque.
Phone: (58212) 7311089 / 745687 / 6903
Fax: (58212) 747158
A goal shared by:
CADEX (Chamber of Exporters)
Av. Libertador.
Centro Comercial Los Cedros, PB
Centro de Atención Directa al Exportador
Phone:(58212) 5310009/ 0016 / 0017 / 0026 / 0027 / 0029 / 0035 / 0038 / 00-41
Fax:(58212) 7615460
CONSECOMERCIO (Consejo Nacional del Comercio y los Servicios) is the nation's Council for Trades and Services. A federated organization ascribed to FEDECAMARAS with representatives in the merchant and services sectors. Cooperation with private and public organized sectors towards drafting and implementing relevant policies is one of its main goals.
CONSECOMERCIO
Consejo Nacional del Comercio y los Servicios
Av. Este
Edif. Cámara de Comercio de Caracas
Piso 6
Los Caobos
Phone: (58212) 5710021 / 0953
Cámara de Industriales de Caracas-C.I.C.
Phone: (58212) 571-50-91/3698
Fax:(58212) 571-2009
Address: Esq. de Puente Anauco,
Edif. Camara de Industriales
Piso 3, Ofic. 3-R, Caracas
Cámara de la Industria del Vidrio, Cerámica, Refractarios e Industrias Afines (CINVICRE)
Address: Calle Los Laboratorios, Torre Beta, Piso 3, Oficina 301,
Los Ruices, Caracas
Tel: (58212) 2383061 • Tele-Fax: (58212) 2329563
Email: cinvicre@cantv.net
www.cinvicre.com
Cámara Automotriz de Venezuela-CAVENDEZ
Phone: (58212) 993-4181/7877
Fax: (58212) 91-34-51
Address: Torre Diamen, Piso 3, Ofic. 38
Chuao, Caracas
Cámara de Fabricantes Venezolanos de Productos Automotores-FAVENPA
Phone: (58-2)571-5091
Fax: (58-2)573-4221
Address: Esq. Pte. Anauco,
Camara de Industriales, Piso 1
Caracas
Asociación de Fabricantes de Productos Quimicos-ASOQIM
Phone: (58212) 762-6405/4469
Fax:(58212) 762-0597
Address: Centro Solano, Piso 1 Ofic.A1
Avenida Francisco Solano, Chacaito
Caracas
Asociación Fabricantes de Productos Quimicos Agropecuarios-AFAQUIMA
Phone: (58212) 256-1284
Fax: (58212) 256-6504
Address: Avenida Principal de Macaracuay,
Multicentro Macaracuay
Piso 4 Ofic. 04-1A, Caracas
Asociación Nacional de Industriales del Cafe-ANICAF
Phone: (58212) 571-5010/5842
Fax: (58212) 571-5920
Address: Avenida Universidad,
Edif. Galeria, Torre Este
Piso 2,
Camara de Industriales Planta Baja
Caracas
Asociación Textil Venezolana-ATV
Phone: (58212) 561-1802/2009
Fax: (58212) 561-1802
Address: Canonigos a San Roman,
Edif. GTM, Piso 5
Caracas
Asociación Venezolana de Industrias Plasticas-AVIPLA
Phone: (58212) 356-3345/4192/1632
Fax: (58212) 356-3867
Address: Avenida Principal de Macaracuay
Edif. Multicentro, Caracas
Asociación Venezolana de Productores de Cementos-AVPC
President: Carlos Delfino
Phone: (58212) 267-3765/261-7350
Fax: (58212) 261-7350/267-2904
Address: Calle Urdaneta, entre Mohedano Y Bolivar
Edif. Avpc, Caracas
Asociación de Industriales de Aceites y Grasas-ASOGRASAS
Phone: (58212) 74-26-62/64-26-86
Fax: (58212) 74-49-16
Address: Unidad Comercial La Florida, Piso 1 Ofic. 5
Avenida Juan Bautista Arismendi
Caracas
Asociación Venezolana de Alimentos Concentrados-AFACA
Phone:(58212) 762-0528
Fax: (58212) 71-65-17
Address: Edif. 3H, Piso 4,
Boulevard de Sabana Grande, Fte. a Recorland
Caracas
Asociación Venezolana de Productores de Pulpa y Carton-APROPACA
Gen.Dir: (General (R)) Raimundo Guisandez
Phone: (58212) 234-3130/3131/3132/3133/3134
Fax:(58212) 234-6542
Address: Edif. Johnson & Johnson,
Ofic 2-B,
Avenida Romulo Gallegos
Los Dos Caminos, Caracas
Cámara de Industriales y Mineros de Guayana
Phone: (086)22-9455/7803
Fax: (086)94-09-91
(58-2)71-91-74
Address: Carrera Guasipati, Edif. Centro Los Rios P.B.
Nro. 10, Pto. Ordaz, Estado Bolivar
Asociación de Industriales de Leche en Polvo-ASOLEP
Phone: (58212) 731-0251
Fax: (58212) 731-1671
Address: Edif. Fedecamaras, Piso 4, Ofic.D
Caracas
Asociación Venezolana de Embotelladores
Phone:(58212) 92-19-27
Address: Centro Comercial Paseo las Mercedes, Piso 2
Nivel 1, Ofic.1-1, Caracas
Chambers of Commerce
Foreign investors can also rely on trade and industry associations representing foreign corporations of their own countries operating in Venezuela.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
VENAMCHAM
Venezuelan-American Chamber of Industry and Trade
(Cámara Venezolano Americana de Industria y Comercio)
Torre Credival
Piso 10
Oficina A
Entre Chacao y Chacaito
Caracas
Phone:(212) 2630833
Fax: (212) 2631829 / 0586
GERMANY
CAVENAL
Venezuelan-German Chamber
(Cámara Venezolano-Alemana)
Calle 8
Edif. El Morro, PB
La Urbina
Caracas
Phone: (212) 2412502
Fax: (212) 2424753
ARGENTINA
Venezuelan-Argentinean Chamber
(Cámara Venezolano-Argentina)
Segunda Transversal con Primera Avenida
Quinta Guía Industrial
Altamira Sur
Caracas
Phone: (212) 311838 / 6425 / 5695
Fax: (212) 316447
BELGIUM
Venezuelan-Belgian Chamber
(Cámara Venezolano-Belga)
Av. Parque Humbolt Edif. Los Roques Of. PB
Terrazas del Club Hípico
Caracas
Phone: (212) 9793231 / 3431
Fax: (212) 9760709
BRAZIL
Venezuelan-Brazilian Chamber
(Cámara Venezolano-Brasilera)
Av. El Empalme
Edif. Fedecámaras
5to. Piso
Urb. El Bosque
Caracas
Phone/Fax: (212) 7311711. Ext. 253
CANADA
Venezuelan-Canadian Chamber
(Cámara Venezolano-de Canadá)
Royal Bank of Canada
Parque Cristal
Torre Este
Piso 4
Av. Francisco de Miranda
Los Palos Grandes
Phone: (212) 285-56-67
Fax: (212) 285-32-80
CHILE
Venezuelan-Chilean Chamber
(Cámara Venezolano-Chilena)
Torre la Noria
Piso 10
Las Mercedes
Phone: (212) 7825222
Fax: (212) 7823802
COLOMBIA
Venezuelan-Colombian Economic Integration Chamber
(Cámara de Integración Económica Colombo-Venezolana)
Av. Tamanaco
Torre Extebandes
Piso 2, Ofic 2
El Rosal
Caracas
Phone: (212) 9524409
Fax: (212) 9525673
SPAIN
Venezuelan-Spanish Trade and Industry Chamber
(Cámara Venezolano-Española de Industria y Comercio)
Av. Francisco de Miranda
Edif. Parque Cristal
Torre Este
Piso 9
Los Palos Grandes
Caracas
Phone: (212) 2855231 / 5275
Fax: (212) 2845563
FRANCE
Venezuelan-French Trade, Industry, and Agriculture Chamber
(Cámara de Comercio, Industria y Agricultura Venezolano Francesa)
Calle Mucuchíes c/c California
Edif. Jimmy
Piso 1
Oficina 7
Las Mercedes
Caracas
Phone: (212) 7520334 / 3810 / 6106 ; 7518870
Fax: (212) 7522598
THE NETHERLANDS
Venezuelan-Dutch Trade Chamber
(Cámara Venezolano-Holandesa de Comercio)
Av. San Juan Bosco
Edif. San Juan
Piso 6
Altamira
Caracas
Phone:(212) 2631695 / 1996
Fax: (212) 2631293
ISRAEL
Venezuelan-Israeli Economic Chamber
(Cámara de Economía Venezolano-Israelí)
Calle El Empalme
Edif. Fedecámaras
Piso 4
Oficina B
El Bosque
Caracas
Phone: (212) 7312530 / 748265
Fax: (212) 748265
ITALY
Venezuelan-Italian Chamber
(Cámara de Comercio Venezolano-Italiana)
Av. San Juan Bosco, Edf Centro Altamira, Mezz, local 17,
Altamira
Caracas
Phone:(212) 263.2427/ (212) 263.4614
Fax: (212) 264.7213
JAPAN
Venezuelan-Japanese Chamber
(Cámara Venezolano- Japonesa)
Av. Francisco de Miranda.
Edif. Mene Grande II
Piso 2
Los Palos Grandes, Caracas
Phone: (212) 2855680 / 5328 /1361
Fax: (212) 2855371
MEXICO
Venezuelan-Mexican Chamber
(Cámara Venezolano-Mexicana)
Av. Francisco de Miranda.
Edif. Galipán
Piso 1. Ofic. A-1
Chacao
Phone: (212) 951-53-51 / 37-07
Fax: (212) 951-78-69
PORTUGAL
Venezuelan-Portuguese Trade, Industry, and Tourism Chamber
(Cámara Venezolano Portuguesa de Comercio, Industria y Turismo)
Esquina Punceres a Cervantes
Av. Urdaneta
Phone: (212) 5615515 / 5342
Fax: (212) 5618483
Luso-Venezuelan Trade, Industry, and Tourism Chamber
(Cámara de Comercio, Industria y Turismo Luso Venezolano)
Centro Villasmil
Piso 7
Ofic. 711
Esquina Puente Victoria
La Candelaria
Caracas
UNITED KINGDOM
Venezuelan-British Trade Chamber
(Cámara Venezolano Británica de Comercio)
Torre Británica
Piso 10
Altamira Sur
Caracas
Phone:(212) 261-33-96 / 76-09 / 262-18-71
Fax: (212) 261-33-96
SWITZERLAND
Venezuelan-Swiss Chamber
(Cámara Venezolano Suiza)
Torre Europa
Piso 6
Oficina 3
Av. Francisco de Miranda
Campo Alegre
Caracas
Phone: (212) 9510159 / 6201 /9510
Fax: (212) 9516201
Multilateral Organizations
• Inter-American Development Bank (BID)
• Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
• Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC)
Research and Development Organizations
Venezuela's Association of Industrial Technological Research Institutes (Asociación Venezolana de Institutos de Investigación Tecnológica Industrial - AVINTI) brings together many institutions related to research in the oil, agriculture, metallurgy, petrochemical, construction, engineering, telecommunications, and sciences sectors. Its members are related to major universities and highly technologically developed corporations. Investors requiring information about the availability of laboratories and research projects should inquire at the following address:
AVINTI Asociación Venezolana de Institutos de Investigación Tecnológica Industrial
Avenida Principal de Los Cortijos de Lourdes Edif. MAPLOCA Piso 2 Los Ruices Caracas Phone/fax: (02) 239-23-80
Additionally, there are other public and private technological support institutions, such as:
IDEA
Instituto Internacional de Estudios Avanzados (Advanced Studies International Institute) Valle de Sartenejas Baruta, Edo. Miranda Phone number: (02) 962-12-22 Fax: (02) 962-10-10 CONICIT Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (National Scientific and Technological Research Council) Final Avenida Principal Los Cortijos de Lourdes Edificio MAPLOCA Piso 2 Caracas Phone/fax: (02): 239-23-80
Important Links to Venezuelan Trade
• CONAPRI (National Council for the Promotion of Investments)
• Ministry of Production and Trade (MPC)
• Banco de Comercio Exterior (Bancoex)
• SENIAT (Venezuelan Tax Administration)
• Venezuela's Export Directory
• Trade-Venezuela
• Venezuela Export - Venezuelan Industry Directory
• VENAMCHAM - Venezuelan American Chamber of Commerce
• FEDECAMARAS - Federation of Chambers of Industry and Commerce
• CONINDUSTRIA - Venezuelan Confederation of Industries
• Cámara de Industria del Vidrio, Cerámica, Refractarios e Industrias Afines (CINVICRE)
• Caracas Stock Exchange
• Caracas Chamber of Commerce
• Venezuelan Central Bank (BCV)
• Venezuelan Banking Association
• FOGADE - Deposit Guarantee Fund
• Mercantile Registries Association
• Corporación Venezolana de Guayana
• Fondonorma (Technical standards agency)
• Puerto Cabello Port Authority
• Maracaibo Port Authority
Venezuelan Search Engines
• Auyantepui
• Infoguía
• Infoquía Web
• Caveguías
• Terra (Chévere)
• Eureka
• VenOnWeb Guides
Venezuelan Trading Blocks Agreements
As a result of Venezuela's economic liberalization policy and support in promoting foreign investment, since 1989 the country has increased its participation in international agreements. Venezuela is an active member of:
• The Andean Pact
• The Free Trade Agreement between Colombia and Venezuela
• The Free Trade Agreement between Chile and Venezuela
• The Group of Three Agreement (G3), consisting of Mexico, Colombia and Venezuela
• World Trade Organization (WTO)
• The Treaty of Montevideo 1980
• Caribbean Common Market (CARICOM)
• Preferential General System in the European Union (PGS)
Since January 1, 1995, Venezuela is a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Venezuela is also part of two integration agreements: Latin-American Integration Agreement (ALADI)* that is composed of eleven Latin American countries, and the Cartagena Agreement or Andean Pact** that is composed of five countries of the Andean sub-region, which at the same time forms part of ALADI.
The Ministry of Industry and Commerce (MIC) is the organ authorized to emit certificates of Origin for exports that go to ALADI and Andean Pact countries from which merchandize originate from in order to enjoy the tariff preferences.
*Argentina, Brazil. Chile, Mexico. Paraguay. Uruguay and Andean Pact countries.
**Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru
Commercial Agreements subscribed to by Venezuela:
Title of Agreements are in Spanish
Bilateral / Within the scope of ALADI
Agreements of Partial Scope between Venezuela and the Latin American countries of:
Argentina . Date of subscription: 11-04-1986 Renegotiation : 02-05-1988 Publication : Official Gazette No. 33.991 dated 20-06-1988.
Agreement of Partial Scope No. 20
Official Gazette No. 4.554 dated 01-04-93
Brazil (No. 27). Publication: Official Gazette No.4.834 dated 10-12-1994
Additional Protocol of the Agreement of Economic Complementation # 27 Publication: Official Gazette No.4.837 dated 30-12-1994
Chile Publication: Official Gazette No..585 of 01-06-1993
Paraguay (AAP No. 21). Date of subscription: 30-04-1983
Renegotiation : 30-06-1983
Publication : Official Gazette No. 3.560 of 03-06-1985, 34.735 of 13-06-1991, and 35.071of 16-10-1992
Uruguay (AAP No. 25). Date of subscription: 31-12-1981 Publication : Official Gazette No.3.560 of 03-06-1985 Renegotiation : 23-11-1988 Publication : Official Gazette No.34. 186 of 28-03-1989
Agreements of Partial Scope between Venezuela and the Central American countries of:
Costa Rica Date of subscription: 21-08-1985 Publication : Official Gazette No.3.839-E- of 09-07-1986
Costa Rica Date of subscription: 25-04-1991
El Salvador. Date of subscription: 10-03-1986 Publication : Official Gazette No. 3.939-E- dated 09-07-1986 Renegotiation : 13-01-1991 Publication : Official Gazette No.34.675 dated 14-03-1991
Guatemala Date of subscription: 30-10-1985 Publication • Official Gazette No. 33.405 of 06-02-1986
Guatemala (modificatory) Date of subscription: 29-01-1993 Publication : Official Gazette Extraordinary No. 4.537 of 10-03-1993
Honduras Date of subscription: 20-02-1986 Publication : Official Gazette No. 33.469 of 14-05-1986
Nicaragua Date of subscription: 15-08-1985 Publication : Official Gazette No. 4.3 90-E of 26-02-1992
Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua. Date of subscription: 16-07-1991
Colombia Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua Date of subscription : 12-02-1993 Publication : Has not been published.
Agreements of Partial Scope between Venezuela and the Caribbean countries of:
Cuba Date of subscription: 12-01-1989 Publication : Official Gazette No.34. 176 dated 10-03-1989 Renegotiation : 07-12-1990 Publication : Official Gazette Extraordinary No. 4.302 dated 27-08-1991
Trinidad and Tobago Date of subscription: 04-08-1989 Publication : Official Gazette No. 34.295 of 31-08-1989 Renegotiation : 14-10-1992 Publication : Official Gazette No. 4.536 of 09-03-1993
Guyana Date of subscription: 27-10-1990 Publication : Official Gazette No.34.745 de1 28-06-1991 : Official Gazette Extraordinary No. 4.331 dated 22-10-1991
Multilateral Agreement between the Caribbean countries and Venezuela Date of subscription: 01-07-1991
Agreement on Trade and Investment between Venezuela and the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Date of subscription: 13-10-1992 Publication: Official Gazette Extraordinary No.4.508 of 30-12-1992
Commercial Agreements outside ALADI
Between Venezuela and the European countries of:
With Portugal Date of subscription: 03-05-1980 Publication : Official Gazette No. 32.036 of 30-07-1980
Agreement of Cooperation between the European Community and the Cartagena Agreement Date of subscription: 11-13-1984 Publication : Official Gazette No.3.512-E of 30-01-1985
Between Venezuela and the Eastern European countries of:
Czech Republic Date of subscription: 30-01-1986 Publication : Official Gazette No. 33.407 dated 07-02-1986
Rumania Date of subscription: 17-10-1985 Publication : Official Gazette No.33.550 of 14-11-1985
Yugoslavia Date of subscription: 16-06-1988 Publication : Official Gazette No. 34.015 dated 26-07-1988
Russia Date of subscription: 14-03-1985 Publication : Official Gazette No.33.216 dated 06-05-1985
Poland Date of subscription: 02-02-1988 Publication : Official Gazette No. 33.932 dei 23-03-1988
Hungary Date of subscription: 29-04-1988 Publication : Official Gazette No.33.968 dated 18-05-1988
Bulgaria Date of subscription: 23-09-1988 Publication : Official Gazette No. 34.086 dated 04-11-1988
Between Venezuela and the African countries of:
Argelia Publication : Official Gazette No. 33.,62 dated 11-07-1985
Senegal Date of subscription: 10-11-1977 Publication : Official Gazette No.31.376 dated 06-12-1977
Between Venezuela and the Asian countries of:
The Republic of China Date of subscription: 12-11-1985 Publication : Official Gazette No. 33.370 dated 12-12-1985
Multilateral
Cartagena Agreement Protocolo Modificatorio o Protocolo de Quito Date of subscription: 12-05-1987 Publication : Official Gazette No. 33.958 dated 04-05-1988 Entró en vigencia: 25-05-1988
Commercial Agreement #5, Chemical Industry Sector (subscribed by: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela) Date of subscription: 20-12-1982 Renegotiation : December de 1989 Publication : Official Gazette No. 4. 175 dated 30-03-1990
Commercial Agreement #13, Fotographic Industry (subscribed by Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Uruguay and Venezuela) Date of subscription: 02-12-1982 Renegotiation : December 1989 Publication : Official Gazette No. 4. 175 of 0-03-1990
Commercial Agreement # 16, Petrochemical area (subscribed by Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Uruguay and Venezuela) Date of subscription: 06-12-1982) Renegotiation : December 1989 Publication : Official Gazette No. 4. 175 of 30-03-2990
Commercial Agreement #13, Fotographic Industry (subscribed by Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Uruguay and Venezuela) Date of Subscription: 24-12-1982 Renegotiation : December 1989 Publication : Official Gazette No. 4.175 dated 30-03-1990
Commercial Agreement #27, Glass Industry sector (subscribed by: Brazil, Mexico and Venezuela) Date of Subscription: 28-11-1984 No ha sido incorporado al Derecho Interno
Agreement of the Global System of Commercial Preferences (SGPC) Date of Subscription: 14-04-1988 Instrument has not been ratified by Venezuela
Free Trade Agreements
Free Trade Agreement Group of Three (Colombia, Mexico and Venezuela) Date of Subscription: 13-06-1994 Publication : Official Gazette No. 4.833 dated 29-12-1994.
Inter-institutional Agreements subscribed to by the Foreign Trade Institute and:
Cartera de Comercio Exterior (CACEX) del Banco de Brasil, S.A. Date of Subscription: 11 de november de 1988.
The Corporation for the promotion of Commerce of Korea (KOTRA) Date of Subscription: 30 de June de 1989.
The Center for Promotion of exports and investments of Costa Rica Date of Subscription: 19-12-1980.
The Council for Promotion of Guyana Date of Subscription: 08-12-1989, 12-12-1989
The Foreign Trade Institute of Italy Date of Subscription: 07-6-1988. Renegotiation: 11-10-1990.
The National Bank of Commerce of Mexico Date of Subscription: 25-11-1986, 19-12-1986.
Institute of Trade of Peru Date of Subscription: 02-4-1988.
The Export Corporation of Trinidad and Tobago Date of Subscription: 29-7-1986.
The Institute of Coyuntaral and International Marketing of Rumania Date of Subscription: 10 de julio de 1991.
The World Trade Organization Official Gazette Extraordinary No. 4.829, 29-12-1994.
Source:Foreign Trade Institute (ICE), Caracas, Venezuela
August 1995
The Andean Pact
The Andean Group (Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru and Venezuela) is a market comprising 98 million consumers, with a gross product of US$ 171,5 billion and a purchasing capacity in terms of imports of US$ 29 billion in 1994. It has a member country trade growing at a yearly rate of 35%.
The agreement creates a customs union as a first step towards establishing an economic union. The program for liberalizing member country trade is already in place and a free trade zone is already operating in the Andean Group. The relation between Colombia and Venezuela is by far the most developed one of the group with trade growing more than 300% from 1993 to 1994. All member countries have initiated joint infrastructure programs including highways, ports and telecommunications t86pport trade within the group.
The Group also counts on a regional development bank called the Corporacion Andina de Fomento (CAF). Headquartered in Caracas and with representative offices in the remaining member countries, the CAF's mission is to support member countries in their efforts to make their economies more competitive and responsive to social needs.
The Group of Three (G-3)
The G-3 is a free trade agreement between Colombia, Mexico and Venezuela that came into effect on January 1st, 1995, creating an extended market of 149 million consumers with a combined GDP of US$486,5 billion. The agreement states a 10% tariff reduction over ten years (starting in 1995) for the trade of goods and services among its members and it creates a link between the NAFTA and the Andean Pact. The agreement is a third generation one, not limited to liberalizing trade, but including issues such as investment, services, government purchases, regulations to fight against unfair competition and intellectual property rights.
European Union General System of Preferences for the Andean Countries (GSP)
Since January 1995, Venezuela has benefitted from the European Union GSP for Andean Countries. On that basis, a Venezuela-based producer can gain access to the 370 million consumer market of the European Union through its preferential tariff system which comprises zero tariff for most industrial and agricultural products and a system of relative preference for various other products.
